The Age of Technology and AI: A Modern Reflection of the Scientific Temper Promoted by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
01-Jan-1970

By Suresh Kumar 
 

Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, was a staunch advocate of science and technology as engines of national progress. He championed rational inquiry—an ethos rooted in logic, empirical evidence, and critical thinking—as essential for dispelling superstition, advancing knowledge, and fostering a modern society. Nehru's vision holds renewed significance in an era increasingly defined by Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI, built on data driven logic and analytical rigor, mirrors the scientific temper he passionately promoted.

Nehru envisioned a future where technological advancement would address societal challenges. He recognized that cultivating scientific literacy was fundamental to solving poverty and inequality. This belief was not merely philosophical but a pragmatic strategy to harness knowledge for human welfare. AI exemplifies these principles, unraveling complex problems through structured algorithms and data analysis. In healthcare, AI aids in early disease detection and personalized treatment, as seen in AI-driven tools like IBM Watson and Google’s DeepMind in diagnosing medical conditions. In agriculture, AI-powered solutions optimize crop yields and mitigate climate change effects, aligning with Nehru’s conviction that science must serve the common good.

Nehru famously asserted, “The discovery of the new world, the invention of the steam engine, the printing press, and the atomic bomb—these are all products of rational inquiry. This temper is an essential part of the philosophy of life which we must now spread among our people.” His statement underscores his belief that scientific advancement, when guided by rational inquiry, shapes history. AI today continues this legacy, automating industries, revolutionizing research, and expanding human capabilities.

Yet, Nehru’s vision extended beyond technological progress. He was deeply concerned with ensuring that knowledge uplifted humanity rather than exploited it. This concern remains pertinent as AI’s rapid evolution presents not only opportunities but also ethical dilemmas. Algorithmic bias, data privacy violations, and the monopolization of AI by a few powerful entities underscore the need for responsible AI governance. Just as Nehru advocated for the peaceful use of nuclear technology, AI must be developed and deployed with ethical considerations at its core. The European Union’s AI Act and UNESCO’s AI Ethics framework echo Nehru’s belief in the responsible use of technology for human progress.

AI’s potential to drive societal progress is immense. It is transforming education by personalizing learning experiences, bridging knowledge gaps, and democratising access. However, beyond technological advancements, AI literacy is now imperative. Just as Nehru championed scientific awareness, understanding AI’s implications ensures innovation aligns with societal values, preventing misuse and fostering equitable growth.

At the heart of Nehru’s vision was education. He understood that embracing modernity required a citizenry well-versed in science and critical thinking. His establishment of institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) underscores his dedication to nurturing scientific excellence. These institutions have propelled India onto the global stage, fostering a legacy of innovation. Today, AI research and development in India, from ISRO’s AI-driven satellite navigation to AI-based governance initiatives, continue this trajectory of self-reliance and technological progress.

Nehru’s commitment to technological self-reliance and international collaboration laid the groundwork for India’s scientific achievements. His emphasis on industrialization and scientific autonomy positioned India as a formidable player in technological innovation. AI today echoes these ideals, yet it carries far-reaching consequences. While it enhances healthcare, sustainability, and social development, it also raises concerns about job displacement and economic disparity. The challenge is to ensure AI serves as a tool for progress rather than a force deepening inequality. Governments and industries must adopt policies that reskill the workforce and create inclusive AI-driven economic opportunities.

AI, like the atomic bomb or the steam engine, has the potential to redefine humanity’s trajectory. However, as Nehru would argue, it must be guided by rational inquiry—one that upholds reason, ethics, and social responsibility. The future of AI must not only be innovative but also just, inclusive, and deeply human-centric. If developed responsibly, AI can stand as a testament to Nehru’s vision—a force for equity, progress, and the betterment of society. As Nehru said, “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. But dreams must be supported by scientific knowledge, practical wisdom, and the resolve to make them come true.” AI’s trajectory, like Nehru’s vision for India, must be anchored in ethical responsibility and collective well-being.